Page 21 - OPCFHK Annual Report 2020-21

亞洲區內保育工作 Regional Conservation Efforts

馬蹄蟹：了解活化石在台灣面對的威脅
Horseshoe Crab: Understanding Threats to This Living Fossil in Taiwan

保育基金十多年來一直積極參與馬蹄蟹的保育工 OPCFHK has actively participated in horseshoe crab conservation for
作，從香港開始，其後伸延至中國內地，現在更 over ten years, fi rst in Hong Kong, then in Mainland China and now in
到達台灣。過往中國鱟廣泛分布 Taiwan. Historically, Chinese horseshoe crabs have
於台灣不同的沿海地區，然而， been widely distributed throughout Taiwan's different
最近的研究發現牠們在香山濕地、 coastal areas. However, recent studies found that
their populations had plummeted in the Xiangshan
布袋和西海岸的數量急劇下降， Wetlands, Budai and the West Coast. Even the
就連位於金門的龐大種群數量也 large population in Kinmen is declining. It's clear that
在減少，可見保育已經刻不容緩。 immediate action is needed.

在保育基金資助下，台灣湛藍海洋 Under OPCFHK's funding, Taiwan's Azure Alliance
聯盟調查了台灣布袋、澎湖和香 © Jay Yang surveyed the Chinese horseshoe crab populations
山的中國鱟種群及其微生境。是 and their microhabitats in Budai, Penghu and
次調查亦根據以往的刺網調查數 Xiangshan, Taiwan. The team also analysed the
據，分析了這些地區的成年馬蹄蟹 populations of adult horseshoe crabs in these
數量。研究團隊發現澎湖的年幼 regions, taken from past gill net surveys. In Penghu,
there was a noticeable lack of horseshoe crab
馬蹄蟹稀少，當中原因可能包括： larvae. This could be due to declining numbers of
成年馬蹄蟹數量減少或產卵地環 adult horseshoe crabs or deterioration of spawning
境惡化令年幼馬蹄蟹數目減少；澎 grounds leading to less recruitment of horseshoe
湖不適合作為產卵地或年幼馬蹄 © Jay Yang crab larvae. It could also indicate that Penghu is
蟹育地；澎湖與其他產卵地之間 unsuitable as a spawning or nursery ground, or that
的距離太遠，令年幼馬蹄蟹難以往來。而在布袋， the distance between Penghu and other spawning grounds is too far for
不同採樣地點的年幼馬蹄蟹空間密度變化不一， the larvae to travel. In Budai, the spatial variation of juvenile horseshoe
則與有機物質的分布有關。 crab density along the sampling sites was related to the distribution of
organic matter.

成年馬蹄蟹調查記錄
Adult Horseshoe Crab Records

• 7 年內，從金門的漁民或居民購買了 1,319 隻馬蹄蟹，以進行繁殖或標識追蹤
1,319 purchased from fi shermen or the public for breeding or tagging in Kinmen within 7 years
• 2 年內，於澎湖進行的刺網調查共捕捉了 35 隻馬蹄蟹，其中 24 隻在理想的海洋動物棲息地內港被捕獲
35 captured in gill net surveys in Penghu in 2 years, 24 of which were found in the inner harbour, an excellent habitat
for marine life

此外，調查還證實人類捕獵仍然是一個嚴重威脅。 The surveys also confi rmed that human exploitation remains a serious
團隊調查了金門漁民捕獲和出售成年馬蹄蟹的趨 threat. The team investigated the trend of adult horseshoe crabs
勢。其後，當地政府決定購買這些被捕獲的成年 captured and sold by fi shermen in Kinmen. These captured adults were
馬蹄蟹，以用於進行繁殖或標識追蹤。在調查進 later purchased by the local government for breeding or tagging. During
行期間，團隊向熟悉潮間帶的當地居民提供了培 the project period, the team provided training to locals who had a good
knowledge of intertidal zones. The locals subsequently became strong
訓，支援調查附近地區的年幼馬蹄蟹的情況，以 support for investigating juvenile horseshoe crabs in nearby areas for the
保護這瀕危物種。 conservation of this endangered species.

學名 Tachypleus tridentatus
Scienti c Name

概要 Ϟ˜ݺʷͩ™ʘ၈ٙ̚ϼऎݱي၇d̈ତ׵̬ᄂϋۃ
Overview Considered as a living fossil, this ancient marine species came into existence for more than 400 million years
保育狀況 ᖏΚ
Conservation Status Endangered*
估計數量 ܵᚃಯˇ
Estimated Population Decreasing
棲息地類型 ૵ऎਜdऎݱᆓග੭
Type of Habitat Marine neritic, marine intertidal
主要威脅 ɛᗳࣉᓳeఄ̰ቇΥପфʿԃ̼ٙऎᛉd˸ʿ஗૝ໄဝၣאဝՈႬᚂ
Major Threats Human exploitation, loss of spawning and nursery beaches, and threats of entanglement by ghost nets or gears
* 根據世界自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄
According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

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